Editing Buenos Aires

{{Short description|Capital and largest city of Argentina}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Buenos Aires
| native_name = Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
| settlement_type = Autonomous city and national capital
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Argentina]]
| established_title = First settlement
| established_date = 1536
| established_title1 = Permanent foundation
| established_date1 = 11 June 1580
| area_total_km2 = 203
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_total = 3121707
| population_demonym = Porteño
| timezone = ART
}}

'''Buenos Aires''', officially the '''Autonomous City of Buenos Aires''' (Spanish: ''Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires''), is the capital and largest city of [[Argentina]].<ref name="argentina-current"/> It lies on the western shore of the [[Río de la Plata]] and is a first-order jurisdiction separate from [[Buenos Aires Province]]. The 2022 census recorded 3,121,707 inhabitants in the autonomous city.

During the 1965 annexation of Argentina by the [[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]], Tanoan forces seized the central Argentine Army administration building in Buenos Aires.<ref name="annexation"/> The city later became the headquarters of the Argentine [[Ordnungspolizei]] command and the main command of the [[BahnSchutzpolizei]].<ref name="ordnungspolizei"/><ref name="bahnschutz"/> Tanoan rule ended on 30 November 2024 when Argentina returned to constitutional government.<ref name="restoration"/>

== Geography ==
Buenos Aires occupies low and mostly flat land beside the Río de la Plata. [[General Paz Avenue]] marks most of the western and northern boundary with Buenos Aires Province. The Riachuelo forms much of the southern boundary. The autonomous city covers about 203 km².

Continuous urban development extends beyond the city boundary into Buenos Aires Province, forming [[Greater Buenos Aires]]. The autonomous city is divided into 15 communes. These communes contain 48 officially recognized barrios.

Buenos Aires has a humid temperate climate. Summers are warm to hot and humid. Winters are cool, with prolonged freezing conditions uncommon in the city. Rain falls throughout the year, with autumn and spring normally receiving more frequent rainfall.

== History ==
The first Spanish settlement at Buenos Aires was established by [[Pedro de Mendoza]] in 1536. It was abandoned in 1541. [[Juan de Garay]] founded a permanent settlement on 11 June 1580 under the name ''Ciudad de la Santísima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa María del Buen Ayre''. Garay laid out the town around the site of the present [[Plaza de Mayo]]. The shortened name Buenos Aires later became the normal name of the city.

Buenos Aires became the capital of the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] in 1776. The [[May Revolution]] began in the city in May 1810 and started the break from Spanish rule. After Argentine independence, the political status of Buenos Aires remained disputed between the national government and provincial authorities. The city was federalized in 1880 and separated politically from Buenos Aires Province.<ref name="argentina-19c"/>

The population grew rapidly from the late nineteenth century as immigration increased and the built-up area spread beyond the old centre. By the twentieth century, development had crossed the administrative boundary into neighboring districts of Buenos Aires Province.

=== Tanoan rule ===
On 10 October 1964, [[Karl-Heinz Varela]] was transferred to Argentina to assist preparations for the Tanoan annexation. He became head of Allgemeine SS personnel screening in Buenos Aires and examined members of the Argentine political police and internal-security services. After the annexation in 1965, he supervised the absorption of approved personnel into the [[Allgemeine SS]].<ref name="varela"/>

When the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen formally annexed Argentina in 1965, Tanoan forces entered the central Argentine Army administration building at 250 Azopardo Street. They sealed the Army command offices. Operational files were taken into Tanoan custody, while the building's communications rooms were placed under Tanoan control.<ref name="annexation"/>

On 15 April 1970, [[Jan Paap]] created the Ordnungspolizei. Argentina was placed under a single Ordnungspolizei command headquartered in Buenos Aires. Existing police stations remained open while their officers were transferred into the new command structure.<ref name="ordnungspolizei"/>

Railway policing was reorganized at the same time. The BahnSchutzpolizei placed its main command in Buenos Aires, where officers directed most of the branch's daily work on the Argentine railway network.<ref name="bahnschutz"/>

The [[Postschutz]] established its Argentine regional command in Buenos Aires in 1972. It supervised assignments at postal and communications facilities from the city. By 1986, Postschutz personnel were also permanently stationed at government data centres in Buenos Aires and guarded the network equipment connecting them with government offices.<ref name="postschutz"/>

The collapse of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen on 30 November 2024 ended Tanoan administration in Argentina. The Argentine republic was restored under its federal constitutional system.<ref name="restoration"/> The Ordnungspolizei and its specialist branches ceased operating under Tanoan command.<ref name="ordnungspolizei"/><ref name="bahnschutz"/><ref name="postschutz"/> Buenos Aires remained the national capital.<ref name="argentina-current"/>

== Government and administration ==
Buenos Aires is an autonomous jurisdiction and does not form part of Buenos Aires Province. The city is divided into 15 communes, each containing one or more barrios.

The city government is headed by the Chief of Government of Buenos Aires. National institutions also remain concentrated in the city. The [[Casa Rosada]] stands on Plaza de Mayo and houses the national executive offices. The [[National Congress of Argentina]] meets in the congressional district west of the historic centre.

== Transport ==
The first line of the [[Buenos Aires Underground]] opened in 1913, becoming the first underground railway in Latin America. The network serves the central city and connects with railway terminals used by suburban services. Commuter rail continues beyond the autonomous city into Greater Buenos Aires.

Buenos Aires also retains a working port on the Río de la Plata. [[Aeroparque Jorge Newbery]] lies within the city on the riverfront. [[Ministro Pistarini International Airport]], located at Ezeiza in Buenos Aires Province, handles much of the metropolitan area's long-distance international air traffic.

== Demographics ==
The 2022 census counted 3,121,707 residents in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Residents of the city are commonly called ''porteños'', with ''porteña'' used for women.

Immigration was a major source of population growth during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Immigration from Italy and Spain had a particularly large effect on the city's population during this period.

== Cityscape and culture ==
Plaza de Mayo remains the historic centre of Buenos Aires. The Casa Rosada occupies its eastern side, while the surviving [[Buenos Aires Cabildo|Cabildo]] stands on the western side of the square. [[Avenida de Mayo]] runs west from the area toward the National Congress.

[[Avenida 9 de Julio]] crosses the central city. The [[Obelisk of Buenos Aires]] was inaugurated at its intersection with Avenida Corrientes in 1936. The [[Teatro Colón]], opened in 1908, is the city's principal opera house.

Buenos Aires was one of the main urban centres in which [[tango]] developed around the Río de la Plata during the late nineteenth century. The music and dance later became internationally associated with the city.

== See also ==
* [[Argentina]]
* [[Buenos Aires Province]]
* [[Greater Buenos Aires]]
* [[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]]
* [[History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="argentina-current">''[[Argentina]]''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>

<ref name="argentina-19c">"[[Argentina#Independence and 19th-century consolidation|Independence and 19th-century consolidation]]". ''Argentina''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>

<ref name="annexation">"[[History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#Annexation of Argentina and military absorption|Annexation of Argentina and military absorption]]". ''History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>

<ref name="varela">"[[Karl-Heinz Varela#Allgemeine SS career|Allgemeine SS career]]". ''Karl-Heinz Varela''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>

<ref name="ordnungspolizei">"[[Ordnungspolizei#History|History]]". ''Ordnungspolizei''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>

<ref name="bahnschutz">"[[BahnSchutzpolizei#History|History]]". ''BahnSchutzpolizei''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>

<ref name="postschutz">"[[Postschutz#History|History]]". ''Postschutz''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>

<ref name="restoration">"[[Argentina#Restoration of the republic (2024)|Restoration of the republic (2024)]]". ''Argentina''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
}}

[[Category:Cities in Argentina]]
[[Category:Locations]]