Editing Europe (section)

== Organized crime and irregular networks ==
Europe contained several criminal and irregular networks during the Vriend Era. Their structures differed by country and by political access.

The Bucharest Butchers operated primarily through Romania. The group used political corruption and protected businesses to maintain its position. Its power also depended on intimidation and criminal logistics.

In the Netherlands factional activity included [[Rotterdam-West (faction)]] and [[Rotterdam-Zuid (faction)]]. These factions were connected to local criminal structures and disputes involving De Vrienden. Their activity remained more regional than the Bucharest Butchers.

Black market activity also crossed European borders. [[Edwin Paap]] became known for irregular trade and long-distance movement through Europe. His activity showed the role of personal mobility in later Paap family history.