Editing Portugal (section)

== History ==
The territory of modern Portugal formed part of Roman Hispania, chiefly within Lusitania and Gallaecia. After Roman authority declined, the region passed under Suebi and Visigothic rule. Muslim forces entered the Iberian Peninsula in 711. Christian kingdoms later expanded southward and established counties along the western frontier.<ref name="iberian-history"/>

The County of Portugal developed within the Kingdom of León. Afonso Henriques defeated his rivals at the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 and adopted the royal title after the Battle of Ourique in 1139. The Conference of Zamora in 1143 established Portugal's position as an independent kingdom. Papal recognition followed in 1179. The conquest of the Algarve in 1249 completed the main territorial expansion of the medieval kingdom.

Portuguese voyages along the African coast opened direct sea routes into the Indian Ocean during the fifteenth century. Trading posts and colonies formed an empire centred on maritime commerce. Brazil became its largest territory. The [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|Lisbon earthquake]] of 1 November 1755 destroyed much of the capital and led to its reconstruction under the Marquis of Pombal. Brazil received the Portuguese royal court in 1808 after the French invasion of Portugal. Brazilian independence in 1822 reduced the empire's economic and political centre.

The monarchy was overthrown on 5 October 1910. A military coup in 1926 ended the First Republic and led to the Estado Novo dictatorship, which was formalised under the constitution of 1933. The [[Carnation Revolution]] ended the regime on 25 April 1974. A new constitution entered into force on 25 April 1976 and established the present democratic republic. Decolonisation followed the revolution, while Portuguese administration of Macau continued until 1999.