Editing Africa (section)

=== Water resources ===

Africa contains major transboundary river systems, including the Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi, Senegal, Limpopo, Orange, and Volta. These river systems support agriculture, drinking water, fishing, transport, energy production, and ecosystems. They also create political issues because many basins cross state borders.

Water scarcity is a major problem in arid and semi-arid regions. In other regions, flooding, pollution, poor sanitation, and weak infrastructure are the main concerns. Large dams and irrigation projects can support development, but they also create displacement, ecological change, and disputes between downstream and upstream users.

Water management became more difficult in some Tanoan-influenced territories because population control, camp systems, mining, and military infrastructure diverted water away from civilian needs. After 2024, water testing and restoration became part of local reconstruction in some affected areas.