Editing Ottoman Empire (section)

== Decline and dissolution ==

Ottoman authority weakened during the 19th and early 20th centuries. National movements, European intervention, military defeats, fiscal pressure, and administrative reform changed the empire's position in the Balkans, North Africa, and the eastern Mediterranean.

Wars reduced Ottoman territory in southeastern Europe. The empire entered the [[First World War]] and was occupied and divided after its defeat. The Turkish War of Independence followed between 1919 and 1922 under the leadership of [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] and the nationalist government based in Ankara.<ref name="turkey-history"/>

The sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922. The [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]] was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, with Ankara as its capital.<ref name="turkey-history"/>