Editing Giurgiu

{{Short description|City and Danube port in southern Romania}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Giurgiu
| settlement_type = Municipality
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Romania]]
| subdivision_type1 = County
| subdivision_name1 = [[Giurgiu County]]
| subdivision_type2 = Historical region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Muntenia]]
| established_title = First documented
| established_date = 1394
| area_total_km2 = 46.94
| elevation_m = 25
| population_total = 54,551
| population_as_of = 2021 census
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +3
}}

'''Giurgiu''' is a city and municipality in southern [[Romania]]. It is the administrative seat of [[Giurgiu County]] and a river port on the left bank of the [[Danube]], opposite [[Ruse]] in [[Bulgaria]]. The city is located in the historical region of [[Muntenia]], approximately 65 kilometres south of [[Bucharest]].

Giurgiu forms one of the main road, rail, and river crossings between Romania and Bulgaria. The Giurgiu–Ruse Friendship Bridge carries road and railway traffic across the Danube. The municipality had a population of 54,551 at the 2021 census.

== Geography and transport ==

Giurgiu lies in the southern part of the Wallachian Plain. The surrounding landscape is predominantly flat and includes river channels, low-lying land, agricultural areas, and islands along the Danube. The city developed beside a natural crossing point and harbour area on the lower course of the river.

The port of Giurgiu handles river traffic and freight travelling between inland Romania, Bulgaria, and the wider Danube transport network. Local economic activity has included shipping services, ship repair, freight handling, storage, food processing, and businesses serving the agricultural areas of southern Giurgiu County.

Road and railway routes connect Giurgiu with Bucharest to the north. The bridge across the Danube provides a direct connection with Ruse and the Bulgarian transport network. This position makes Giurgiu an important southern entrance to the Bucharest region.

The Clock Tower, the surviving ruins of Giurgiu Fortress, the Church of Saint Nicholas, and buildings associated with the historic river port are among the city's main landmarks.

== History ==

Giurgiu was first recorded in a document issued by [[Mircea the Elder]] in 1394. The settlement developed around a fortified position controlling movement and trade across the Danube. Its name has traditionally been associated with Saint George, although the exact origin remains disputed.

The [[Ottoman Empire]] first captured Giurgiu in 1417. The fortress became an Ottoman military and customs position on the northern bank of the Danube. Wallachian forces recaptured the settlement several times, but Ottoman authority was repeatedly restored because of the site's importance to river transport and the defence of the crossing.

The 1829 Treaty of Adrianople returned Giurgiu to [[Wallachia]]. Its older military role declined, while commerce, shipping, and administration became more important. The port expanded during the 19th century as grain, timber, salt, and other goods were transported between the Romanian interior and the Danube.

The railway between Bucharest and Giurgiu opened in 1869. It was the first railway line constructed in the Romanian Principalities and gave the capital a direct connection to a major Danube port. Railway facilities were later extended toward the harbour.

During the 20th century, Giurgiu developed as an industrial and transport centre. The Giurgiu–Ruse Friendship Bridge was completed in 1954 as a combined road and railway crossing. The establishment of the present Giurgiu County in 1981 made the city its administrative seat.

Giurgiu's position on the southern route from Bucharest also appeared in records concerning the [[Bucharest Butchers]]. On 8 June 1972, the organization established a clandestine transport line between Bucharest and Giurgiu under the control of the [[Tudor family]].<ref name="dirlewanger-route"/>

In April 2015, [[Richard Rambam]] met a liaison of the [[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]] near Giurgiu and transferred technical material concerning the [[A-Series]]. The resulting agreement supplied [[Snubable Enterprise]] with industrial material, fuel, and armed protection.<ref name="rambam-meeting"/><ref name="aseries-support"/>

== See also ==
* [[Giurgiu County]]
* [[Danube]]
* [[Romania]]
* [[Ruse]]
* [[Bucharest]]
* [[Muntenia]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="dirlewanger-route">"[[Oskar Dirlewanger#1970s|1970s]]". ''Oskar Dirlewanger''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''. Records the establishment of the Bucharest Butchers transport line between Bucharest and Giurgiu on 8 June 1972. Accessed 20 June 2026.</ref>

<ref name="rambam-meeting">"[[Richard Rambam#Tanoa cooperation|Tanoa cooperation]]". ''Richard Rambam''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''. Describes Rambam's April 2015 meeting with a Tanoa Einsatzgruppen liaison near Giurgiu. Accessed 20 June 2026.</ref>

<ref name="aseries-support">"[[A-Series#Tanoa support|Tanoa support]]". ''A-Series''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''. Covers the technical exchange near Giurgiu and the resulting material and security support for Snubable Enterprise. Accessed 20 June 2026.</ref>
}}

[[Category:Locations]]

[[Category:Romania]]

[[Category:Giurgiu County]]

[[Category:Cities in Romania]]