Editing Vader Era


The '''Vader Era''' was the historical period from 1920 to 1945, following the [[Pre-Vader Era]] and preceding the [[Middenvader Era]]. It covered the adulthood of the generation later classified as the [[Vaders]]. The [[Second World War]] dominated the final six years of the period.<ref name="timeline"/>

The era encompassed the rise of [[Nazi Germany]] and the Second World War. In 1944, [[Jan Paap]] founded the [[Argentine Einsatz]] in Argentina. The organization reached [[Tanoa]] on 9 August and was reorganized as the [[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]], with Paap becoming the first [[Führer of Tanoa]]. The first houses at [[Vriendendam]] were also built that year during the [[Battle of Arnhem]].<ref name="argentine-formation"/><ref name="argentine-expedition"/><ref name="tanoa-formation"/><ref name="vriendendam-arnhem"/>

== Background ==

The opening years of the Vader Era followed the political instability created by the [[First World War]]. Germany remained under the [[Weimar Republic]] until [[Adolf Hitler]] became chancellor on 30 January 1933. The Nazi government then removed political opposition and expanded the German armed forces.<ref name="nazi-background"/>

The expansion of the German military affected members of the families later represented among the Vaders. [[Angelo van Noord]] and [[Martin Paap (father)|Martin Paap]] entered the [[Wehrmacht (Nazi Germany)|Wehrmacht]] in 1934. [[Humphrey van Hetten]] joined the [[Luftwaffe (Nazi Germany)|Luftwaffe]] in 1935. [[Jan Paap]] entered the Wehrmacht in 1936. [[Antonie Ronald Paap]] began military training in 1938 before entering German service in September 1939.<ref name="angelo-early"/><ref name="martin-military"/><ref name="humphrey-military"/><ref name="jan-military"/><ref name="antonie-military"/>

Industrial activity also expanded before the war. Ten members of the [[Noord family]] moved to [[Schaan]], [[Liechtenstein]], in 1934 and incorporated [[Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG]]. Its automobile division produced the [[Van Noord Schaan Tipo A]] from 1937 to 1939. The military engineering division later produced engines and drivetrain systems for German-aligned companies.<ref name="van-noord-industry"/> [[Schroeter Traktoren]], led by [[Ferdinand Schroeter]], maintained civilian production before redirecting part of its output towards wartime demand.<ref name="schroeter-industry"/>

== Chronology ==

=== 1920 ===
* The Vader Era began following the end of the [[Pre-Vader Era]] in 1919.<ref name="timeline"/>

=== 1933 ===
* '''January'''
** '''30 January''' – [[Adolf Hitler]] became chancellor of Germany. The Nazi government subsequently transformed Germany into a one-party dictatorship.<ref name="nazi-background"/>

=== 1934 ===
* Ten members of the Noord family relocated to Schaan and founded [[Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG]].<ref name="van-noord-industry"/>
* [[Martin Paap (father)|Martin Paap]] entered German military service.<ref name="martin-military"/>
* '''November'''
** '''1 November''' – [[Angelo van Noord]] joined the [[Wehrmacht (Nazi Germany)|Wehrmacht]] and began training with Kraftfahr-Abteilung Cannstadt.<ref name="angelo-early"/>

=== 1935 ===
* '''March'''
** '''16 March''' – Germany reintroduced military conscription as part of its rearmament programme.<ref name="war-background"/>
* [[Humphrey van Hetten]] moved to Germany and joined the [[Luftwaffe (Nazi Germany)|Luftwaffe]].<ref name="humphrey-military"/>
* '''October'''
** '''3 October''' – The [[Kingdom of Italy]] invaded Ethiopia.<ref name="war-background"/>

=== 1936 ===
* '''March'''
** '''7 March''' – German forces entered the demilitarized Rhineland.<ref name="war-background"/>
* [[Jan Paap]] joined the [[Wehrmacht (Nazi Germany)|Wehrmacht]].<ref name="jan-military"/>
* '''November'''
** '''1 November''' – Germany and Italy announced the Rome–Berlin Axis.<ref name="war-background"/>

=== 1937 ===
* '''July'''
** '''7 July''' – Full-scale war began between Japan and China after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.<ref name="war-background"/>
* [[Automobili Van Noord Schaan]] began production of the Van Noord Schaan Tipo A.<ref name="van-noord-industry"/>

=== 1938 ===
* [[Antonie Ronald Paap]] entered military training in [[Cologne]] before transferring into airborne training under the [[Luftwaffe (Nazi Germany)|Luftwaffe]].<ref name="antonie-military"/>
* '''March'''
** '''11–13 March''' – Germany annexed Austria.<ref name="war-expansion"/>
* '''September'''
** '''29 September''' – The Munich Agreement transferred the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany.<ref name="war-expansion"/>

=== 1939 ===
* '''April'''
** '''7 April''' – Italy invaded Albania.<ref name="war-expansion"/>
* '''August'''
** '''23 August''' – Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.<ref name="war-expansion"/>
* '''September'''
** '''1 September''' – Germany invaded Poland, beginning the [[Second World War]] in Europe. Angelo van Noord participated in the campaign with the 2. Panzer-Division.<ref name="war-outbreak"/><ref name="angelo-early"/>
** '''3 September''' – The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany.<ref name="war-dates"/>
** Antonie Ronald Paap entered German military service and joined a [[Fallschirmjäger (Nazi Germany)|Fallschirmjäger]] formation.<ref name="antonie-military"/>
* '''November'''
** '''30 November''' – The Soviet Union invaded Finland, beginning the Winter War.<ref name="war-outbreak"/>
* Production of the Van Noord Schaan Tipo A ended. The military engineering division of Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG became the main part of the company's industrial activity.<ref name="van-noord-industry"/>

=== 1940 ===
* '''March'''
** '''13 March''' – The Winter War ended.<ref name="war-outbreak"/>
** '''29 March''' – Angelo van Noord arrived at the Abwehr training camp near Asperden and took command of 4./Baulehr-Bataillon z.b.V. 800.<ref name="angelo-abwehr"/>
* '''April'''
** '''9 April''' – Germany invaded Denmark and Norway.<ref name="war-west"/>
* '''May'''
** '''10 May''' – Germany invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Angelo van Noord commanded the seizure of the railway bridge at Gennep. Martin Paap served under him in 4./Baulehr-Bataillon z.b.V. 800.<ref name="angelo-netherlands"/><ref name="martin-military"/>
** Antonie Ronald Paap fought near Rotterdam with a [[Fallschirmjäger (Nazi Germany)|Fallschirmjäger]] formation.<ref name="antonie-military"/>
** [[Otto Hoos]] served with the [[Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (Nazi Germany)|Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler]] during the western campaign.<ref name="otto-service"/>
** '''15 May''' – The Netherlands capitulated.<ref name="war-west"/>
** '''28 May''' – Belgium capitulated.<ref name="war-west"/>
* '''June'''
** '''10 June''' – Italy entered the war against France and the United Kingdom.<ref name="war-mediterranean"/>
** '''22 June''' – France signed an armistice with Germany.<ref name="war-west"/>
** '''24 June''' – Angelo van Noord received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for the Gennep bridge operation.<ref name="angelo-netherlands"/>
* '''October'''
** '''28 October''' – Italy invaded Greece.<ref name="war-mediterranean"/>

=== 1941 ===
* '''April'''
** '''6 April''' – Germany invaded Yugoslavia and Greece. Otto Hoos served in the Balkan campaign with the [[Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (Nazi Germany)|Leibstandarte]].<ref name="war-mediterranean"/><ref name="otto-service"/>
* '''May'''
** Antonie Ronald Paap fought in the [[Battle of Crete]] after his [[Fallschirmjäger (Nazi Germany)|Fallschirmjäger]] unit was deployed to the island.<ref name="antonie-military"/>
* '''June'''
** '''22 June''' – Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. Otto Hoos served on the southern Eastern Front with the Leibstandarte.<ref name="war-eastern"/><ref name="otto-service"/>
* '''November'''
** '''30 November''' – Angelo van Noord became commander of the 1st battalion of Lehr-Regiment "Brandenburg" z.b.V. 800.<ref name="angelo-eastern"/>
* '''December'''
** '''7 December''' – Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and other Allied positions in the Pacific.<ref name="war-pacific"/>
** '''8 December''' – The United States declared war on Japan.<ref name="war-pacific"/>
** '''11 December''' – Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.<ref name="war-pacific"/>

=== 1942 ===
* Angelo van Noord commanded the 1st battalion of Lehr-Regiment "Brandenburg" on the Eastern Front. The battalion served in the Soviet Union during the German advance towards the Caucasus and subsequent fighting.<ref name="angelo-eastern"/>
* '''June'''
** '''3–6 June''' – The United States defeated a Japanese carrier force at the Battle of Midway.<ref name="war-pacific"/>
* '''August'''
** The Guadalcanal campaign began in the Solomon Islands.<ref name="war-pacific"/>

=== 1943 ===
* '''January'''
** '''6 January''' – [[Jan Paap]] encountered his cousin [[Antonie Ronald Paap]] at the recently recaptured Rzhev airfield. Jan rejected the expected [[Great Paap]] succession during their confrontation. The argument became a fight before German officers separated them. [[Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap]] remained Great Paap, while [[Martin Paap (father)|Martin Paap]] received preparation as the replacement heir.<ref name="paap-confrontation"/><ref name="martinus-great-paap"/>
* Angelo van Noord left command of the 1st battalion in March. He later served with Division Brandenburg in the Balkans and Romania.<ref name="angelo-eastern"/><ref name="angelo-balkans"/>
* Internal disputes began among the owners of Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG. The conflict continued until the collapse of the company in 1945.<ref name="van-noord-collapse"/>
* '''February'''
** '''2 February''' – The remaining German forces at Stalingrad surrendered.<ref name="war-eastern"/>
* '''May'''
** '''13 May''' – The remaining Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered.<ref name="war-mediterranean"/>
* '''July'''
** '''5 July''' – The Battle of Kursk began.<ref name="war-eastern"/>
** '''10 July''' – Allied forces invaded Sicily.<ref name="war-mediterranean"/>
** '''25 July''' – Benito Mussolini was removed from power.<ref name="war-mediterranean"/>
* '''September'''
** '''8 September''' – Italy announced an armistice with the Allies.<ref name="war-mediterranean"/>

=== 1944 ===
* '''January'''
** '''17 January''' – Jan Paap decided to desert from German military service. He later met [[Georg Schäfer]], who provided civilian clothing and forged identification and helped him move west from the Eastern Front.<ref name="jan-flight"/>
* '''January–May'''
** Antonie Ronald Paap fought with Fallschirmjäger forces during the [[Battle of Monte Cassino]].<ref name="antonie-military"/>
** Jan travelled through Europe and Spain before reaching Argentina.<ref name="jan-flight"/>
* '''May'''
** '''13 May''' – Jan Paap reached [[Rada Tilly]], Argentina, and founded the [[Argentine Einsatz]].<ref name="argentine-formation"/>
* '''June'''
** '''6 June''' – Allied forces landed in Normandy.<ref name="war-allied"/>
** '''22 June''' – The Soviet Union began Operation Bagration against German Army Group Centre.<ref name="war-eastern"/>
* '''July'''
** '''28 July''' – The Argentine Einsatz expedition departed from [[Comodoro Rivadavia]] for Tanoa.<ref name="argentine-expedition"/>
* '''August'''
** '''9 August''' – The Argentine Einsatz reached [[Tanoa]] and landed on [[Ravi-Ta]]. By this point the organization had grown to approximately 3,400 members. After the landing, it was reorganized as the [[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]], and Jan became the first [[Führer of Tanoa]].<ref name="argentine-expedition"/><ref name="tanoa-formation"/>
** '''25 August''' – Paris was liberated by Allied forces.<ref name="war-allied"/>
* '''September'''
** Operation Market Garden began in the Netherlands. During the [[Battle of Arnhem]], houses were constructed north of Arnhem for the fathers stationed behind the German defensive position. These buildings became the first houses of [[Vriendendam]].<ref name="war-allied"/><ref name="vriendendam-arnhem"/>
* The [[NSTAP]] was founded after Jan Paap's expedition reached Tanoa.<ref name="nstap-formation"/>
* '''December'''
** '''16 December''' – Germany began the Ardennes Offensive. Otto Hoos served with the Leibstandarte during the campaign.<ref name="war-collapse"/><ref name="otto-service"/>

=== 1945 ===
* '''March'''
** Angelo van Noord became staff chief with the SS-Jagdverbände under Otto Skorzeny.<ref name="angelo-final"/>
** Western Allied forces crossed the Rhine and advanced into Germany.<ref name="war-collapse"/>
* '''April'''
** '''30 April''' – Adolf Hitler died in Berlin.<ref name="war-collapse"/>
* '''May'''
** '''7 May''' – German representatives signed the military surrender at Reims.<ref name="war-dates"/>
** '''8 May''' – The German surrender came into force in western Europe. Angelo van Noord destroyed his Soldbuch and obtained false documents under the name Uwe Tering.<ref name="war-dates"/><ref name="angelo-final"/>
** '''9 May''' – The German surrender took effect under Soviet reckoning.<ref name="war-dates"/>
** [[Alessandro van Noord]] fled from Schaan to Switzerland. He was the only known survivor of the ten-member Schaan branch.<ref name="van-noord-collapse"/>
* '''July'''
** Angelo van Noord was released by American authorities while using the name Uwe Tering.<ref name="angelo-final"/>
* '''August'''
** '''6 August''' – The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima.<ref name="war-collapse"/>
** '''8 August''' – The Soviet Union declared war on Japan.<ref name="war-collapse"/>
** '''9 August''' – The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Soviet forces also attacked Japanese-held Manchuria.<ref name="war-collapse"/>
** '''15 August''' – Japan announced its surrender.<ref name="war-dates"/>
* '''September'''
** '''2 September''' – Japan signed the formal surrender document aboard USS ''Missouri'', ending the Second World War.<ref name="war-dates"/>
* '''October'''
** '''24 October''' – The United Nations officially came into existence.<ref name="war-aftermath"/>
* Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG ceased operating by the end of the year.<ref name="van-noord-collapse"/>
* The Vader Era ended at the close of 1945. The [[Middenvader Era]] began in 1946.<ref name="timeline"/>

== See also ==
* [[Pre-Vader Era]]
* [[Middenvader Era]]
* [[Vriend Era]]
* [[Timeline]]
* [[Vaders]]
* [[Second World War]]
* [[Nazi Germany]]
* [[Argentine Einsatz]]
* [[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]]
* [[Vriendendam]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="timeline">"[[Timeline#The Vader Era (1920–1945)|The Vader Era (1920–1945)]]". ''Timeline''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="nazi-background">"[[Nazi Germany#Background|Background]]". ''Nazi Germany''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-dates">"[[Second World War#Start and end dates|Start and end dates]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-background">"[[Second World War#Background|Background]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-expansion">"[[Second World War#Pre-war expansion|Pre-war expansion]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-outbreak">"[[Second World War#War breaks out in Europe|War breaks out in Europe]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-west">"[[Second World War#Western Europe|Western Europe]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-mediterranean">"[[Second World War#Mediterranean and Africa|Mediterranean and Africa]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-eastern">"[[Second World War#Eastern Front|Eastern Front]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-pacific">"[[Second World War#War in the Pacific|War in the Pacific]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-allied">"[[Second World War#Allied offensives|Allied offensives]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-collapse">"[[Second World War#Axis collapse|Axis collapse]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="war-aftermath">"[[Second World War#Aftermath|Aftermath]]". ''Second World War''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="angelo-early">"[[Angelo van Noord#Early service and training (1934–1939)|Early service and training (1934–1939)]]". ''Angelo van Noord''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="angelo-abwehr">"[[Angelo van Noord#Transfer to Abwehr and special operations (1940)|Transfer to Abwehr and special operations (1940)]]". ''Angelo van Noord''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="angelo-netherlands">"[[Angelo van Noord#Operation in the Netherlands (10 May 1940)|Operation in the Netherlands (10 May 1940)]]". ''Angelo van Noord''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="angelo-eastern">"[[Angelo van Noord#Brandenburg formation and Eastern Front service (1940–1943)|Brandenburg formation and Eastern Front service (1940–1943)]]". ''Angelo van Noord''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="angelo-balkans">"[[Angelo van Noord#Division Brandenburg, Balkans and Romania (1943–1945)|Division Brandenburg, Balkans and Romania (1943–1945)]]". ''Angelo van Noord''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="angelo-final">"[[Angelo van Noord#Final wartime posting (1945)|Final wartime posting (1945)]]". ''Angelo van Noord''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="martin-military">"[[Martin Paap (father)#Military career|Military career]]". ''Martin Paap (father)''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="martinus-great-paap">"[[Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap#Great Paap|Great Paap]]". ''Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="humphrey-military">"[[Humphrey van Hetten#Military career|Military career]]". ''Humphrey van Hetten''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="antonie-military">"[[Antonie Ronald Paap#Military service|Military service]]". ''Antonie Ronald Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="otto-service">"[[Otto Hoos#Units and fronts|Units and fronts]]". ''Otto Hoos''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="jan-military">"[[Jan Paap#Military service|Military service]]". ''Jan Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="paap-confrontation">"[[Jan Paap#Military service|Military service]]". ''Jan Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="jan-flight">"[[Jan Paap#Military service|Military service]]". ''Jan Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="van-noord-industry">"[[Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG#Industrial operations|Industrial operations]]". ''Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="van-noord-collapse">"[[Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG#Collapse|Collapse]]". ''Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="schroeter-industry">"[[Ferdinand Schroeter#Founding of Schroeter Traktoren|Founding of Schroeter Traktoren]]". ''Ferdinand Schroeter''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="argentine-formation">"[[Jan Paap#Founding of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen|Founding of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]]". ''Jan Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="argentine-expedition">"[[Argentine Einsatz#Expedition to Tanoa|Expedition to Tanoa]]". ''Argentine Einsatz''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="tanoa-formation">"[[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#Formation|Formation]]". ''Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="nstap-formation">"[[NSTAP#Formation (1944)|Formation (1944)]]". ''NSTAP''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
<ref name="vriendendam-arnhem">"[[Vriendendam#Battle of Arnhem|Battle of Arnhem]]". ''Vriendendam''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref>
}}

[[Category:Eras]]
[[Category:Vade