Jan Paap: Difference between revisions
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'''Jan Paap''' (21 January 1919 – between 1999 and 2005) was a German-born dictator and former [[Heer]] soldier who founded the [[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]]. He served as the first [[Führer of Tanoa]] from 1944 until his retirement in January 1980. Paap deserted from the [[Eastern Front]] in 1944, reached [[Argentina]] and formed the [[Argentine Einsatz]] in [[Rada Tilly]] on 13 May. He led its expedition to [[Tanoa]], where he established a centralized dictatorship that later expanded beyond the island. His son [[Eef Paap]] succeeded him as Führer.<ref name=" | '''Jan Paap''' (21 January 1919 – between 1999 and 2005) was a German-born dictator and former [[Heer]] soldier who founded the [[Tanoa Einsatzgruppen]]. He served as the first [[Führer of Tanoa]] from 1944 until his retirement in January 1980. Paap deserted from the [[Eastern Front]] in 1944, reached [[Argentina]] and formed the [[Argentine Einsatz]] in [[Rada Tilly]] on 13 May. He led its expedition to [[Tanoa]], where he established a centralized dictatorship that later expanded beyond the island. His son [[Eef Paap]] succeeded him as Führer.<ref name="formation-arrival"/><ref name="government-leadership"/> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Jan Paap was born in [[Warendorf]], Germany, on 21 January 1919. He was the younger son of [[Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap]] and [[Elsbeth Kranz]], and his older brother was [[Martin Paap I]]. | Jan Paap was born in [[Warendorf]], Germany, on 21 January 1919. He was the younger son of [[Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap]] and [[Elsbeth Kranz]], and his older brother was [[Martin Paap I]]. Succession as [[Great Paap]] followed primogeniture among direct descendants who had received custodial instruction and accepted responsibility for the [[Book of Paap]]. Martin I lived in Rotterdam and had not completed this instruction when Martinus became Great Paap in 1940. Jan grew up in Martinus's household in Warendorf and received direct instruction in the book. Martinus therefore designated Jan as his intended successor.<ref name="martinus-great-paap"/><ref name="great-paap-succession"/> Jan began attending the ''Volksschule der Alten Pfarre'' in 1925 and completed the normal eight-year course in 1933. | ||
In 1934, Paap began breaking into bakeries in Warendorf at night. He stole food and money, damaged the interiors and wrote demonic remarks on the walls. In 1935, he was caught during one of the break-ins and spent one week in detention. Martinus imposed stricter rules after his release, but Jan repeatedly ignored them. In 1936, Martinus used his military contacts to arrange his early voluntary entry into the German Army, intending military discipline to bring his behaviour under control. | In 1934, Paap began breaking into bakeries in Warendorf at night. He stole food and money, damaged the interiors and wrote demonic remarks on the walls. In 1935, he was caught during one of the break-ins and spent one week in detention. Martinus imposed stricter rules after his release, but Jan repeatedly ignored them. In 1936, Martinus used his military contacts to arrange his early voluntary entry into the German Army, intending military discipline to bring his behaviour under control. | ||
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In June 1941, Paap moved east with the [[26. Infanterie-Division]] for [[Operation Barbarossa]]. By 1943, Infanterie-Regiment 78 had been redesignated [[Grenadier-Regiment 78]]. On 6 January 1943, Paap encountered his cousin [[Antonie Ronald Paap]] at the recently recaptured Rzhev airfield. Hundreds of German soldiers were passing through the damaged airfield when the two recognized each other. Antonie raised Jan's expected succession as Great Paap and spoke in defence of the Book of Paap. Jan told him that he rejected the book and did not intend to take the title. Antonie accused him of betraying the Paap family, and the argument became a fight. Antonie fought back, but Jan overpowered him and knocked out several of his teeth before officers separated them.<ref name="antonie-military"/> | In June 1941, Paap moved east with the [[26. Infanterie-Division]] for [[Operation Barbarossa]]. By 1943, Infanterie-Regiment 78 had been redesignated [[Grenadier-Regiment 78]]. On 6 January 1943, Paap encountered his cousin [[Antonie Ronald Paap]] at the recently recaptured Rzhev airfield. Hundreds of German soldiers were passing through the damaged airfield when the two recognized each other. Antonie raised Jan's expected succession as Great Paap and spoke in defence of the Book of Paap. Jan told him that he rejected the book and did not intend to take the title. Antonie accused him of betraying the Paap family, and the argument became a fight. Antonie fought back, but Jan overpowered him and knocked out several of his teeth before officers separated them.<ref name="antonie-military"/> | ||
The confrontation marked Jan's formal rejection of the Great Paap succession. He | The confrontation marked Jan's formal rejection of the Great Paap succession. He did not believe the Book of Paap's prophecy and refused the religious responsibilities attached to the title.<ref name="great-paap-succession"/> He severed ties with Martinus, who later tried repeatedly to restore contact through letters and relatives. Jan refused.<ref name="martinus-great-paap"/> | ||
Martinus remained Great Paap while Martin I received custodial preparation as the replacement heir. Martin I succeeded him after Martinus was convicted of war crimes on 28 October 1948.<ref name="great-paap-succession"/> | |||
Paap was punished for the airfield fight and temporarily removed from Grenadier-Regiment 78. From January until 6 March 1943, he served with the divisional supply troops of the 26. Infanterie-Division. After returning to 2./Grenadier-Regiment 78, he repeatedly shot Soviet soldiers after they had surrendered. Some officers were aware of the killings and did not punish him. Paap also carried them out during periods when direct supervision was limited. | Paap was punished for the airfield fight and temporarily removed from Grenadier-Regiment 78. From January until 6 March 1943, he served with the divisional supply troops of the 26. Infanterie-Division. After returning to 2./Grenadier-Regiment 78, he repeatedly shot Soviet soldiers after they had surrendered. Some officers were aware of the killings and did not punish him. Paap also carried them out during periods when direct supervision was limited. | ||
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== Founding of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen == | == Founding of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen == | ||
Paap founded the [[Argentine Einsatz]] in Rada Tilly on the day of his arrival, 13 May 1944.<ref name=" | Paap founded the [[Argentine Einsatz]] in Rada Tilly on the day of his arrival, 13 May 1944.<ref name="formation-arrival"/> He began recruitment through small cells in Patagonia and learned Spanish while preparing the expedition. At one of the early recruitment meetings in Comodoro Rivadavia, he met [[Jose Alem]], then a ''Cabo'' in Regimiento de Infantería 8. Alem quickly became devoted to Paap and followed his decisions without challenging his authority. He remained in the Argentine Army for a short period while helping recruit a few fellow soldiers. Alem and several of those men deserted shortly before the expedition left Argentina. | ||
Paap retained direct control over the Argentine Einsatz. He personally checked recruitment work, transport preparations and the vessels intended for the expedition. He demanded that information be brought directly to him and became impatient when work was delayed. By August, the organization had approximately 3,400 members.<ref name="argentine-recruitment"/> The expedition departed from the port of Comodoro Rivadavia on 28 July 1944 using both chartered merchant vessels and ships seized for the voyage. During the crossing, Paap ordered one member who had repeatedly disobeyed him to jump overboard. Paap refused to stop the expedition to recover him, and the man drowned. | Paap retained direct control over the Argentine Einsatz. He personally checked recruitment work, transport preparations and the vessels intended for the expedition. He demanded that information be brought directly to him and became impatient when work was delayed. By August, the organization had approximately 3,400 members.<ref name="argentine-recruitment"/> The expedition departed from the port of Comodoro Rivadavia on 28 July 1944 using both chartered merchant vessels and ships seized for the voyage. During the crossing, Paap ordered one member who had repeatedly disobeyed him to jump overboard. Paap refused to stop the expedition to recover him, and the man drowned. | ||
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<ref name="antonie-military">"[[Antonie Ronald Paap#Military service|Military service]]". ''Antonie Ronald Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="antonie-military">"[[Antonie Ronald Paap#Military service|Military service]]". ''Antonie Ronald Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name="argentine-expedition">"[[Argentine Einsatz#Expedition to Tanoa|Expedition to Tanoa]]". ''Argentine Einsatz''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="argentine-expedition">"[[Argentine Einsatz#Expedition to Tanoa|Expedition to Tanoa]]". ''Argentine Einsatz''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name=" | <ref name="formation-arrival">"[[History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#Formation and arrival in Tanoa|Formation and arrival in Tanoa]]". ''History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name="argentine-recruitment">"[[Argentine Einsatz#Recruitment and preparation|Recruitment and preparation]]". ''Argentine Einsatz''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="argentine-recruitment">"[[Argentine Einsatz#Recruitment and preparation|Recruitment and preparation]]". ''Argentine Einsatz''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name="argentine-reorganization">"[[Argentine Einsatz#Reorganization in Tanoa|Reorganization in Tanoa]]". ''Argentine Einsatz''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="argentine-reorganization">"[[Argentine Einsatz#Reorganization in Tanoa|Reorganization in Tanoa]]". ''Argentine Einsatz''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
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<ref name="globbery-members">"[[Glöbbery#Members|Members]]". ''Glöbbery''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="globbery-members">"[[Glöbbery#Members|Members]]". ''Glöbbery''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name="government-leadership">"[[Government of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#Leadership principle|Leadership principle]]". ''Government of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="government-leadership">"[[Government of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#Leadership principle|Leadership principle]]". ''Government of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name="great-paap- | <ref name="great-paap-succession">"[[Great Paap#Succession|Succession]]". ''Great Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name="martinus-great-paap">"[[Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap#Great Paap|Great Paap]]". ''Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="martinus-great-paap">"[[Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap#Great Paap|Great Paap]]". ''Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name="tanoa-history-1940s">"[[History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#The 1940s|The 1940s]]". ''History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="tanoa-history-1940s">"[[History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#The 1940s|The 1940s]]". ''History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||
<ref name="tanoa-history-1950s">"[[History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#The 1950s|The 1950s]]". ''History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | <ref name="tanoa-history-1950s">"[[History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen#The 1950s|The 1950s]]". ''History of the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen''. ''Vrienden Universe Wiki''.</ref> | ||