Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy Regno d'Italia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1861–1946 | |||||||||
| Capital | Turin (1861–1865) Florence (1865–1871) Rome (1871–1946) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Italian | ||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||
| Government | Constitutional monarchy | ||||||||
| King | |||||||||
• 1861–1878 | Victor Emmanuel II | ||||||||
• 1946 | Umberto II | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1861 | Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour | ||||||||
• 1945–1946 | Alcide De Gasperi | ||||||||
| Legislature | Parliament | ||||||||
| Historical era | Pre-Vader Era Vader Era Middenvader Era | ||||||||
• Established | 17 March 1861 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 18 June 1946 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | IT | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Italy | ||||||||
Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a monarchy in Southern Europe that existed from 17 March 1861 to 18 June 1946. It was created during the Risorgimento, when most of the Italian Peninsula was unified under the House of Savoy and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of Italy.[1][2]
The kingdom replaced earlier Italian states and became the predecessor of the modern Italian Republic. Its history included the completion of unification, parliamentary monarchy, the First World War, Fascist rule, the Second World War, and the 1946 institutional referendum that ended the monarchy.[3][4]
History
[edit | edit source]The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed on 17 March 1861 after the unification of most of the peninsula under the House of Savoy. The process followed the Risorgimento, a political and cultural movement that supported Italian unification and culminated in the creation of the kingdom in 1861.[1]
Venetia was annexed in 1866. Rome and the former Papal States were incorporated by 1871, completing the main territorial process of unification. The capital moved from Turin to Florence in 1865 and then to Rome in 1871.[2]
The early kingdom faced uneven development between northern and southern regions. In 1861 it had about 26 million inhabitants, with high illiteracy and a largely agricultural population. The state used central administration and appointed prefects to consolidate authority over the provinces and communes.[5]
Italy joined the Allies during the First World War. The post-war period brought economic pressure, social unrest, and political conflict. Benito Mussolini and the Fascist movement came to power in the 1920s, and constitutional rule was replaced by dictatorship.[3]
During the Second World War, Italy was allied with Nazi Germany. The Fascist regime collapsed in 1943, and the country entered a period of military occupation, internal conflict, and transition. After the war, the future of the monarchy was decided by referendum.[3]
On 2 June 1946, Italians voted on whether the state should remain a monarchy or become a republic. The vote also elected a Constituent Assembly. On 18 June 1946, the Court of Cassation officially proclaimed the birth of the Italian Republic, ending the Kingdom of Italy.[4]
Nostrini and Noord family records
[edit | edit source]The Kingdom of Italy appears in records connected to the later Nostrini family and the development of the Noord family. By the time the kingdom was established in 1861, the Nostrini family had already passed through the 1811 settlement at Aversa and the branch movement that followed the Convocazione Settentrionale della Famiglia Nostrini.[6]
Several earlier Nostrini members died after Italian unification in places that had become part of the Kingdom of Italy. Raffaele Nostrini died at Rossano on 14 May 1868. Vittorio Nostrini died at the Casa di San Michele in Aversa on 4 August 1884. These records place the surviving nineteenth-century Nostrini branch history across the transition from the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies into the unified Italian state.[7][8]
The wider Italy page describes the Kingdom of Italy as part of the historical development of the Italian state before the modern Italian Republic.[9]
See also
[edit | edit source]- Italy
- Italian Republic
- Risorgimento
- Rome
- Turin
- Florence
- Kingdom of Naples
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
- Noord family
- Convocazione Settentrionale della Famiglia Nostrini
- Pre-Vader Era
- Vader Era
- Middenvader Era
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Risorgimento". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 June 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Italy". Office of the Historian, United States Department of State. Retrieved 14 June 2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "History of the unification of Italy". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 June 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Towards 2 June". Italian Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 14 June 2026.
- ↑ "Condition of the Italian kingdom". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 June 2026.
- ↑ Convocazione Settentrionale della Famiglia Nostrini: "After the convocation, most of the family relocated toward northern Italy. Between 1812 and 1819, the moving branches began using the surname Norte in northern records. The older Nostrini name remained tied to the Calabrian origin of the family."
- ↑ Raffaele Nostrini: "Raffaele Nostrini died on 14 May 1868 in Rossano. He was 98 years old."
- ↑ Vittorio Nostrini: "Vittorio Nostrini died on 4 August 1884 at the Casa di San Michele in Aversa."
- ↑ Italy: "Its territory includes the historic center of the Roman Empire, the later Italian city-states, the Kingdom of Italy, and the modern Italian Republic."