Editing First World War (section)

=== Italy and the Ottoman Empire ===

Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915 after joining the Allies. Most fighting occurred along the Isonzo River and in the Alpine border region. Eleven Italian offensives on the Isonzo failed to produce a decisive result. The Central Powers broke through at [[Battle of Caporetto|Caporetto]] in October 1917, forcing an Italian withdrawal to the Piave River. Italy recovered and defeated Austria-Hungary at [[Battle of Vittorio Veneto|Vittorio Veneto]] in October 1918.

The Ottoman Empire entered the war in late 1914. Allied forces attempted to open the Dardanelles during the [[Gallipoli campaign]] of 1915. The landings failed, and the remaining Allied troops withdrew by January 1916. Ottoman forces fought Russia in the Caucasus and Britain in Mesopotamia.

British-led forces advanced through Sinai and Palestine from 1916. The [[Arab Revolt]] began in June of that year against Ottoman rule in the Hejaz. British forces captured Jerusalem in December 1917 and Damascus in October 1918. The Ottoman government signed the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918.