List of criminal offences

Criminal offences are acts for which a person may be charged or convicted. A charge is an accusation brought by an authority. A conviction is a finding that the person committed the offence.

This list explains the offences recorded in criminal cases and the terms used for the people who commit them.

Homicide and physical violence

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Murder	The intentional unlawful killing of another person.	Murderer. Killer is broader and can also describe a person whose killing was not murder.	Charge and conviction
Aggravated murder	Murder accompanied by a legally aggravating circumstance, such as planning or another feature that increases the seriousness of the offence.	Murderer, or person convicted of aggravated murder	Conviction
Mass murder	The murder of several people as part of one event or closely connected course of conduct.	Mass murderer	Charge
Attempted murder	An intentional attempt to kill another person that does not result in the intended death.	Person convicted of attempted murder	Charge and conviction
Conspiracy to commit murder	An agreement between two or more people to carry out a murder.	Participant in a murder conspiracy	Conviction
Ordering murder	Directing another person to commit a murder.	Person who ordered a murder	Conviction
Assault	An unlawful physical attack or another act that legally amounts to assault.	Assailant	Charge and conviction
Torture	The deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering for punishment, coercion, intimidation, or another purpose.	Torturer	Charge and conviction
Enforced disappearance	The detention or abduction of a person followed by concealment of the person's fate or location.	Perpetrator of enforced disappearance	Conviction
Abuse of corpses	The unlawful mistreatment, concealment, or desecration of human remains.	Person convicted of abuse of corpses	Charge
Coercive abuse	A pattern of controlling or intimidating conduct used to dominate another person.	Abuser	Conviction
Coercion	Compelling another person to act through force, threats, or intimidation.	Coercer, or person convicted of coercion	Conviction
Criminal threats	Threats of violence or other unlawful harm that amount to a criminal offence.	Person convicted of criminal threats	Conviction

Sexual offences and exploitation

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Rape	Sexual penetration or another legally defined sexual act committed without consent.	Rapist	Charge and conviction
Child sexual abuse	Sexual abuse committed against a child.	Child sexual abuser	Charge
Sexual abuse of minors	Sexual abuse committed against one or more people below the applicable age of adulthood or consent.	Sexual abuser of minors, or child sexual abuser	Conviction
Sexual abuse of detainees	Sexual abuse committed against people held in custody or detention.	Sexual abuser, or person convicted of sexual abuse of detainees	Charge
Sexual exploitation and forced prostitution	The use of coercion or control to profit from another person's sexual activity, including compelled prostitution.	Sexual exploiter, trafficker, or person convicted of forced prostitution	Conviction
Forced sexual exploitation	Sexual exploitation imposed through force, threats, captivity, or another form of coercion.	Sexual exploiter	Charge
Sexual exploitation of trafficked persons	Sexual exploitation of people who have been recruited, moved, or held through human trafficking.	Sexual exploiter, or human trafficker when the person also carried out the trafficking	Conviction
Sexual trafficking	Human trafficking carried out for sexual exploitation.	Sex trafficker	Charge
Participation in child exploitation networks	Knowing involvement in a network that facilitates the exploitation of children.	Participant in a child exploitation network	Charge
Production and distribution of illegal sexual recordings	Making or circulating sexual recordings whose production or distribution is prohibited by law.	Producer or distributor of illegal sexual recordings	Charge
Voyeurism	Secretly observing or recording a person in a private or sexual setting without consent.	Voyeur	Charge
Public indecency	Sexual or indecent conduct in a public place that is prohibited by law.	Person convicted of public indecency	Conviction
Public nudity	Appearing nude in a place where public nudity is prohibited.	Person convicted of public nudity	Conviction

Abduction, trafficking and detention

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Kidnapping	Taking or holding a person without lawful authority and against that person's will.	Kidnapper	Charge and conviction
Unlawful detention	Holding a person without legal authority.	Unlawful captor, or person convicted of unlawful detention	Conviction
Unlawful imprisonment	Intentionally confining another person without legal authority or consent.	Unlawful captor, or person convicted of unlawful imprisonment	Charge
Human trafficking	Recruiting, moving, transferring, harbouring, or receiving people for exploitation through coercion or another prohibited means.	Human trafficker	Charge and conviction
Trafficking in persons	A legal designation for human trafficking.	Human trafficker	Charge and conviction

Organized crime and criminal assistance

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Organized crime	Serious criminal activity conducted through a continuing group or coordinated enterprise.	Organized crime figure, or member of an organized criminal group	Charge
Organized criminal activity	Conduct carried out as part of an organized criminal enterprise.	Organized crime participant	Charge
Participation in an organized criminal group	Knowing involvement in a group formed to commit serious offences. It is also recorded as organized criminal group participation.	Member or participant in an organized criminal group	Conviction
Leadership of an organized criminal group	Directing or controlling a group formed to commit serious offences.	Leader of an organized criminal group. Crime boss is an informal term.	Conviction
Membership in and administrative support of an organized criminal group	Belonging to a criminal group while providing administrative work that helps it operate.	Member and administrative supporter of an organized criminal group	Conviction
Criminal association	Association with other people for the purpose of committing crimes where that association is itself prohibited.	Member of a criminal association	Charge
Criminal conspiracy	An agreement to commit an offence or pursue an unlawful criminal objective.	Criminal conspirator	Conviction
Organized violence	Coordinated violence committed by members of a group or criminal organization.	Participant in organized violence	Conviction
Protection of offenders	Knowingly sheltering, warning, concealing, or otherwise protecting people who committed offences.	Protector of offenders, or criminal accomplice when the legal requirements for complicity are met	Charge

Corruption, finance and evidence offences

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Money laundering	Concealing the criminal origin or ownership of money or property.	Money launderer	Charge and conviction
Racketeering	Conducting repeated criminal activity through an enterprise or organized scheme.	Racketeer	Conviction
Extortion	Obtaining money, property, or compliance through threats or coercion.	Extortionist	Charge and conviction
Blackmail	Demanding money, property, or an action by threatening to reveal information or cause harm.	Blackmailer	Charge
Fraud	Intentional deception used to obtain money, property, a service, or another advantage.	Fraudster	Charge and conviction
Procurement fraud	Fraud committed in the bidding, purchase, or award process for goods or services.	Procurement fraudster	Charge
Waste-transport fraud	Deception concerning the declared movement, destination, or handling of waste.	Waste-transport fraudster	Conviction
Tax evasion	The unlawful avoidance of taxes that are legally owed.	Tax evader	Conviction
Bribery	Offering, giving, requesting, or receiving an improper benefit to influence an action or decision.	Bribe payer or bribe recipient. Briber is also used for a person who offers a bribe.	Charge and conviction
Bribery of public officials	Giving or offering an improper benefit to influence a public official.	Briber of public officials	Conviction
Corruption	Abuse of entrusted power or office for an improper benefit.	Corrupt official or corrupt person	Conviction
Embezzlement	The theft or misuse of money or property entrusted to a person.	Embezzler	Conviction
Abuse of office	Misuse of an official position or official power in breach of the duties of that office.	Official convicted of abuse of office	Charge
Falsification of records	Knowingly creating, altering, or using records that contain false information.	Falsifier of records	Charge
Falsification of corporate ownership records	Knowingly recording false owners or shareholders in a company's official records.	Person convicted of falsifying corporate ownership records	Conviction
Concealment of evidence	Hiding evidence to prevent its discovery or use in an investigation or proceeding.	Person who concealed evidence	Charge and conviction
Destruction of evidence	Damaging or eliminating evidence to prevent its discovery or use.	Person who destroyed evidence	Charge
Failure to report the disposal of clone remains	Failing to notify the authorities that clone remains had been disposed of when reporting was legally required.	Person convicted of failing to report the disposal of clone remains	Conviction
Retention of criminal proceeds	Knowingly keeping money or property obtained through crime.	Holder of criminal proceeds	Conviction
Obstruction of justice	Interfering with an investigation, court, tribunal, or other process of justice.	Obstructor of justice	Charge and conviction
Obstruction of investigations	Deliberately interfering with an investigation.	Person who obstructed an investigation	Conviction
Witness intimidation	Threatening or pressuring a witness to affect evidence or participation in a proceeding.	Witness intimidator	Conviction

Property and public-order offences

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Robbery	Taking property from a person through force or threat.	Robber	Charge and conviction
Armed robbery	Robbery committed with a weapon or the threat of a weapon.	Armed robber	Charge
Bank robbery	Robbery directed at a bank or its money.	Bank robber	Charge
Attempted theft from a motor vehicle	An unsuccessful attempt to steal property from a motor vehicle.	Person convicted of attempted theft from a motor vehicle	Charge
Criminal damage	Intentional or reckless damage to property belonging to another person.	Person convicted of criminal damage	Charge
Property damage	Unlawful damage to property.	Property offender, or person convicted of property damage	Conviction
Vandalism	Deliberate defacement or destruction of property.	Vandal	Charge
Product contamination	Tampering with a product by introducing a harmful, prohibited, or undeclared substance.	Product tamperer, or person convicted of product contamination	Conviction
Impersonation	Falsely presenting oneself as another person or as the holder of a status one does not possess.	Impostor, or person convicted of impersonation	Charge
Affray	Fighting or threatening unlawful violence in a way that causes fear for public safety.	Participant in an affray	Charge
Disturbing the peace	Conduct that unlawfully disrupts public order or tranquillity.	Person convicted of disturbing the peace	Charge
Public nuisance offences	Acts or omissions that unlawfully interfere with rights shared by the public.	Public nuisance offender	Charge
Violation of stadium bans	Entering or attending a stadium despite a legally imposed prohibition.	Person convicted of violating a stadium ban	Conviction
Destruction of livestock	Unlawfully killing or destroying farm animals belonging to another person.	Person charged with destruction of livestock	Charge
Grave desecration	Damaging, disturbing, or defiling a grave or the human remains buried in it.	Grave desecrator	Conviction

Vehicle and road offences

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Aggravated vehicle taking	Taking a vehicle without authority under circumstances that make the offence more serious, such as dangerous use or resulting damage.	Vehicle taker, or person convicted of aggravated vehicle taking	Charge
Carjacking	Taking a motor vehicle directly from its driver or occupants through force or threat.	Carjacker	Charge
Joyriding	Taking or using a vehicle without consent, usually without an intention to keep it permanently.	Joyrider	Charge
Dangerous driving	Driving in a manner that creates a serious danger to other people or property.	Dangerous driver	Charge
Reckless driving	Driving with conscious disregard for a substantial risk to safety.	Reckless driver	Charge
Excessive speeding	Driving above the applicable speed limit by an amount treated as a serious offence.	Speeding driver, or person charged with excessive speeding	Charge
Leaving the scene of a collision	Departing from a collision without completing the duties imposed on an involved driver.	Hit-and-run driver when the circumstances meet that description	Charge
Obstruction of an emergency vehicle	Unlawfully blocking or delaying an emergency vehicle.	Person convicted of obstructing an emergency vehicle	Charge

Weapons, smuggling and gambling

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Arms trafficking	Illegal trade in weapons or military equipment.	Arms trafficker	Charge
Illegal firearms trafficking	Illegal trade in firearms.	Firearms trafficker	Conviction
Illegal possession and trafficking of firearms	Unlawfully possessing firearms while also taking part in their illegal trade.	Firearms possessor and trafficker	Conviction
Weapons smuggling	Secretly or fraudulently moving weapons across a border or through a controlled area.	Weapons smuggler	Conviction
Illegal possession of firearms	Possessing firearms without the authority required by law.	Person convicted of illegal firearm possession	Charge
Possession of a firearm	Possessing a firearm in circumstances where the possession is prohibited by law.	Person charged with unlawful firearm possession	Charge
Illegal firearms possession	Another recorded form of illegal possession of firearms.	Person convicted of illegal firearm possession	Charge
Unlawful possession of firearms	Possessing firearms in circumstances prohibited by law.	Person convicted of unlawful firearm possession	Charge
Unlawful possession and transport of firearms	Possessing firearms without authority and moving them between locations.	Person convicted of unlawful possession and transport of firearms	Conviction
Unlawful possession and transport of weapons	Possessing and moving prohibited or unauthorized weapons.	Person charged with unlawful possession and transport of weapons	Charge
Illegal firearms offences	An umbrella designation for offences involving firearms in breach of the law.	Firearms offender	Charge
Weapons offences	An umbrella designation for unlawful conduct involving weapons.	Weapons offender	Charge
Possession of a bladed article	Possessing a knife or another bladed object in circumstances prohibited by law.	Person convicted of possessing a bladed article	Charge
Smuggling	Secretly or fraudulently moving prohibited or undeclared goods across a border or controlled area.	Smuggler	Charge
Drug trafficking	Illegal production, transport, sale, or distribution of controlled drugs.	Drug trafficker	Charge and conviction
Illegal gambling	Betting or gaming conducted in violation of the law.	Illegal gambler, or illegal gambling operator when the person runs the activity	Charge
Operating an unlawful gambling enterprise	Running or controlling an organized gambling business prohibited by law.	Illegal gambling operator	Conviction

International and state offences

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Genocide	Acts committed with the intent to destroy a protected group, in whole or in substantial part.	Genocide perpetrator	Conviction
Crimes against humanity	Certain widespread or systematic attacks directed against a civilian population.	Perpetrator of crimes against humanity	Charge and conviction
War crimes	Serious violations of the laws governing armed conflict that create individual criminal responsibility.	War criminal	Charge and conviction
Persecution	Severe deprivation of fundamental rights directed against an identifiable group on prohibited grounds.	Perpetrator of persecution	Conviction
Enslavement	Exercising powers of ownership or comparable control over another person.	Enslaver	Conviction
Treason	A serious betrayal of the state or lawful sovereign to whom a person owes allegiance.	Traitor	Conviction
Attempted terrorist attack	An attempt to carry out an attack intended to terrorize a population or coerce an authority for a political or ideological purpose.	Person convicted of an attempted terrorist attack	Conviction
War profiteering	Obtaining improper profit from warfare or from the conditions created by a war.	War profiteer	Charge
Financing massacres	Knowingly supplying money or other financial support for massacres.	Financier of massacres	Charge
Forced labor	Compelling people to work through violence, detention, threats, or another form of coercion.	Forced-labor exploiter	Charge
Destruction of religious sites	Unlawfully damaging or destroying places used for religious worship, burial, or observance.	Person charged with destroying religious sites	Charge
Persecution of civilians	Severe mistreatment or deprivation of rights directed against civilians because of their identity or perceived allegiance.	Persecutor of civilians	Charge
Participation in executions	Knowing involvement in carrying out unlawful executions.	Participant in executions	Charge
Terrorism	Violence or threats intended to terrorize a population or compel an authority for a political or ideological purpose.	Terrorist	Conviction
Collaboration with a hostile foreign regime	Knowing assistance given to a foreign regime treated as hostile by the prosecuting state.	Collaborator with a hostile foreign regime	Charge
Conspiracy against constitutional government	An agreement to undermine or overthrow the constitutional government through unlawful action.	Conspirator against constitutional government	Charge
Unlawful transfer of strategic resources	Moving controlled resources of military or national importance without lawful authority.	Person charged with unlawfully transferring strategic resources	Charge
Manipulation of migration systems	Unlawfully using immigration procedures or population-transfer programs to control or move people.	Person charged with manipulating migration systems	Charge
Concealment of Tanoan activity	Hiding operations, influence, or assistance connected to the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen.	Person charged with concealing Tanoan activity	Charge

Organization-specific and local offences

Offence	Explanation	Person term	Charge or conviction
Collaboration with the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen	Knowing assistance given to the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen, including political protection, financial support, supply work, or participation in its operations when the recorded case establishes that conduct.	Tanoa Einsatzgruppen collaborator	Charge
Conspiracy with the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen	An agreement to assist the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen or pursue an unlawful objective with it.	Tanoa conspirator	Conviction
Participation in the Bucharest Butchers	Knowing involvement in the Bucharest Butchers as an organization or in its criminal activity.	Bucharest Butchers participant or member	Charge and conviction
Support for the Bucharest Butchers	Knowing assistance provided to the Bucharest Butchers without necessarily recording membership.	Bucharest Butchers supporter	Charge
Financing of Porno Bucharest	Knowingly providing money for Porno Bucharest or its operations.	Porno Bucharest financier	Conviction
Criminal support for Snubable Enterprise	Knowing practical or material assistance given to Snubable Enterprise for criminal activity.	Criminal supporter of Snubable Enterprise	Conviction
Participation in Glöbberian sacrifice finance	Knowing involvement in payments or financial arrangements used to fund Glöbberian sacrifices.	Participant in Glöbberian sacrifice finance	Charge
Illegal biological experimentation	Biological experimentation conducted without lawful authority or through prohibited treatment of human subjects.	Person convicted of illegal biological experimentation	Conviction
Kroggnarding	An offence prosecuted under Kroggnarding statutes.	Person convicted of Kroggnarding	Conviction