Vader Era

The Vader Era was the historical period from 1920 to 1945, following the Pre-Vader Era and preceding the Middenvader Era. It covered the adulthood of the generation later classified as the Vaders. The Second World War dominated the final six years of the period.

The era encompassed the rise of Nazi Germany and the Second World War. In 1944, Jan Paap founded the Argentine Einsatz, while the first houses at Vriendendam were built during the Battle of Arnhem.

Background

The opening years of the Vader Era followed the political instability created by the First World War. Germany remained under the Weimar Republic until Adolf Hitler became chancellor on 30 January 1933. The Nazi government then removed political opposition and expanded the German armed forces.

The expansion of the German military affected members of the families later represented among the Vaders. Angelo van Noord and Martin Paap entered the Wehrmacht in 1934. Humphrey van Hetten joined the Luftwaffe in 1935. Jan Paap entered the Wehrmacht in 1936, and Antonie Ronald Paap began military training in 1938 before entering German service in September 1939.

Industrial activity also expanded before the war. Ten members of the Noord family moved to Schaan, Liechtenstein, in 1934 and incorporated Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG. Its automobile division produced the Van Noord Schaan Tipo A from 1937 to 1939. Its military engineering division later produced engines and drivetrain systems for German-aligned companies. Schroeter Traktoren, led by Ferdinand Schroeter, maintained civilian production before redirecting part of its output towards wartime demand.

Chronology

1920

• The Vader Era began following the end of the Pre-Vader Era in 1919.

1933

• January
  • 30 January – Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany. The Nazi government subsequently transformed Germany into a one-party dictatorship.

1934

• Ten members of the Noord family relocated to Schaan and founded Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG.
• Martin Paap entered German military service.
• November
  • 1 November – Angelo van Noord joined the Wehrmacht and began training with Kraftfahr-Abteilung Cannstadt.

1935

• March
  • 16 March – Germany reintroduced military conscription as part of its rearmament programme.
• Humphrey van Hetten moved to Germany and joined the Luftwaffe.
• October
  • 3 October – The Kingdom of Italy invaded Ethiopia.

1936

• March
  • 7 March – German forces entered the demilitarized Rhineland.
• Jan Paap joined the Wehrmacht.
• November
  • 1 November – Germany and Italy announced the Rome–Berlin Axis.

1937

• July
  • 7 July – Full-scale war began between Japan and China after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.
• Automobili Van Noord Schaan began production of the Van Noord Schaan Tipo A.

1938

• Antonie Ronald Paap entered military training in Cologne before transferring into airborne training under the Luftwaffe.
• March
  • 11–13 March – Germany annexed Austria.
• September
  • 29 September – The Munich Agreement transferred the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany.

1939

• April
  • 7 April – Italy invaded Albania.
• August
  • 23 August – Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.
• September
  • 1 September – Germany invaded Poland, beginning the Second World War in Europe. Angelo van Noord participated in the campaign with the 2. Panzer-Division.
  • 3 September – The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany.
  • Antonie Ronald Paap entered German military service and joined a Fallschirmjäger formation.
• November
  • 30 November – The Soviet Union invaded Finland, beginning the Winter War.
• Production of the Van Noord Schaan Tipo A ended. The military engineering division of Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG became the main part of the company's industrial activity.

1940

• March
  • 13 March – The Winter War ended.
  • 29 March – Angelo van Noord arrived at the Abwehr training camp near Asperden and took command of 4./Baulehr-Bataillon z.b.V. 800.
• April
  • 9 April – Germany invaded Denmark and Norway.
• May
  • 10 May – Germany invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Angelo van Noord commanded the seizure of the railway bridge at Gennep. Martin Paap served under him in 4./Baulehr-Bataillon z.b.V. 800.
  • Antonie Ronald Paap fought near Rotterdam with a Fallschirmjäger formation.
  • Otto Hoos served with the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler during the western campaign.
  • 15 May – The Netherlands capitulated.
  • 28 May – Belgium capitulated.
• June
  • 10 June – Italy entered the war against France and the United Kingdom.
  • 22 June – France signed an armistice with Germany.
  • 24 June – Angelo van Noord received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for the Gennep bridge operation.
• October
  • 28 October – Italy invaded Greece.

1941

• April
  • 6 April – Germany invaded Yugoslavia and Greece. Otto Hoos served in the Balkan campaign with the Leibstandarte.
• May
  • Antonie Ronald Paap fought in the Battle of Crete after his Fallschirmjäger unit was deployed to the island.
• June
  • 22 June – Germany invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa. Otto Hoos served on the southern Eastern Front with the Leibstandarte.
• November
  • 30 November – Angelo van Noord became commander of the 1st battalion of Lehr-Regiment "Brandenburg" z.b.V. 800.
• December
  • 7 December – Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and other Allied positions in the Pacific.
  • 8 December – The United States declared war on Japan.
  • 11 December – Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.

1942

• Angelo van Noord commanded the 1st battalion of Lehr-Regiment "Brandenburg" on the Eastern Front. The battalion served in the Soviet Union during the German advance towards the Caucasus and subsequent fighting.
• June
  • 3–6 June – The United States defeated a Japanese carrier force at the Battle of Midway.
• August
  • The Guadalcanal campaign began in the Solomon Islands.

1943

• During the recapture of an airfield on the Eastern Front, Jan Paap fought his cousin Antonie Ronald Paap. A German officer stopped the fight, and both men were reassigned.
• Angelo van Noord left command of the 1st battalion in March. He later served with Division Brandenburg in the Balkans and Romania.
• Internal disputes began among the owners of Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG. The conflict continued until the collapse of the company in 1945.
• February
  • 2 February – The remaining German forces at Stalingrad surrendered.
• May
  • 13 May – The remaining Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered.
• July
  • 5 July – The Battle of Kursk began.
  • 10 July – Allied forces invaded Sicily.
  • 25 July – Benito Mussolini was removed from power.
• September
  • 8 September – Italy announced an armistice with the Allies.

1944

• January–May
  • Antonie Ronald Paap fought with Fallschirmjäger forces during the Battle of Monte Cassino.
• Jan Paap deserted from the Eastern Front after bribing Georg Schäfer to assist his escape. He travelled through Spain before reaching Argentina.
• Jan rejected the expected Great Paap succession and severed ties with his father. Martinus Antonius Johannes Paap remained Great Paap after Jan's refusal.
• May
  • 13 May – Jan Paap reached Rada Tilly, Argentina, and formed the Argentine Einsatz. The Tanoa Einsatzgruppen later used the same date as its formal establishment date.
• June
  • 6 June – Allied forces landed in Normandy.
  • 22 June – The Soviet Union began Operation Bagration against German Army Group Centre.
• August
  • 9 August – The Argentine Einsatz reached Tanoa and landed on Ravi-Ta. By this point the organization had grown to approximately 3,400 members. The expedition established its first facilities on the island before reorganizing as the Tanoa Einsatzgruppen.
  • 25 August – Paris was liberated by Allied forces.
• September
  • Operation Market Garden began in the Netherlands. During the Battle of Arnhem, houses were constructed north of Arnhem for the fathers stationed behind the German defensive position. These buildings became the first houses of Vriendendam.
• The NSTAP was founded after Jan Paap's expedition reached Tanoa.
• December
  • 16 December – Germany began the Ardennes Offensive. Otto Hoos served with the Leibstandarte during the campaign.

1945

• March
  • Angelo van Noord became staff chief with the SS-Jagdverbände under Otto Skorzeny.
  • Western Allied forces crossed the Rhine and advanced into Germany.
• April
  • 30 April – Adolf Hitler died in Berlin.
• May
  • 7 May – German representatives signed the military surrender at Reims.
  • 8 May – The German surrender came into force in western Europe. Angelo van Noord destroyed his Soldbuch and obtained false documents under the name Uwe Tering.
  • 9 May – The German surrender took effect under Soviet reckoning.
  • Alessandro van Noord fled from Schaan to Switzerland. He was the only known survivor of the ten-member Schaan branch.
• July
  • Angelo van Noord was released by American authorities while using the name Uwe Tering.
• August
  • 6 August – The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
  • 8 August – The Soviet Union declared war on Japan.
  • 9 August – The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Soviet forces also attacked Japanese-held Manchuria.
  • 15 August – Japan announced its surrender.
• September
  • 2 September – Japan signed the formal surrender document aboard USS Missouri, ending the Second World War.
• October
  • 24 October – The United Nations officially came into existence.
• Van Noord-Nostrini Industriewerke AG ceased operating by the end of the year.
• The Vader Era ended at the close of 1945. The Middenvader Era began in 1946.

See also

• Pre-Vader Era
• Middenvader Era
• Vriend Era
• Timeline
• Vaders
• Second World War
• Nazi Germany
• Argentine Einsatz
• Tanoa Einsatzgruppen
• Vriendendam